Light-projecting lamp.



3,5 tivedarkness.l The-ground in the immediat .Massachusetts,

JOHN nnYAN, or rosironuassacnusnrrs.

rmH'r-raomcrme Lamy.' f

the followin is a fulr'clear, anexactjdescription, re erence being hadtc the acconr advantage d panying drawings, lfor/ming s i in the headlights of .,automobiles,

ceeding 41s such as `might j d l j. source of light with relatlon tov the mirror; l. for `eecting Variation` in the. projectlon fof specification, in explainingitsnature. l

The present rejection of the raysor` light ema-v rom" them. In practically all lightrelecting surface arranged back of the source of light. An yexample of this is seen to which the present invention especially pertains and which are usually provided with parabolic or spherical Inrro'rs arranged back of the source of light.: With these mirrorsV the lines of projection of the. rays of light lwill deend upon the location of the source of flight 1n relation to the mirror or vreflecting surface. This maybe so arrangedfthat the rays of light reflected from all parts of the mirror l may be projected forwardwon'parallel and substantiallyl horizontallines., This has the field some `distance ahead. of the automobile,

but itdoesnot throw the rays'fof light immediately in 'front `of `the automobile, and

leaves the space oneither side in compara- `proz'jxin'iity to thel car and at therright l left may be lighted by so changingthe loca but when this change is 4effectof'reilection of the rays pro-` ed the ang e i the upperalaalf` of the mirror from an approaching vehicle. Other variations be effected' in the location ofthe the rays, but in ever [case thereis objection for-the reason that t a part of thisly j tance in front. of the automobile. invention `rel tesfltoan' attachi ment'for'light-proj ecting lamps for securing w Proper. `nating projectin lamps the projection ofthe rays of` light 1s obtained= by a' mirror or light of effecting a restricted lighting .i .Fig

.bulb of the incandescentlight. to `cast the rays upwardly, which is especially'objectionsible as it fails to properly light the. round, some distance ahead' of the automobi e, the rays being wasted, andf it has a tendency, also, to blind thel driver of" l'the lower `half of fracting lens 5. This j einir-ror jinit'self is in-k i capableof-projecting in a proper directiony `j Patented lieues, 191s.l

` 4 Appunti@ me@ Jana'ry 24, 191e.V serial No. vsgsas.

l or directions all of the rays emanating-from it. `By`this ismeant that some of the rays reflected from themirror should- .proceed -1 along-,lines substantially lparallel with the partis ofthe reiector though preferablyhav# rlnga slight downwardinclination so as to avoid'the possibility of shining in the eyes of one driving an I approaching: vehicle, 'yet capable Vof lighting thev groundl some dis- Other rays should be soprojected asjto cast a field of light downward awayfromtheaxisof thereflectonfor, in otherv words, vso as to `strike lmmedlately yin 'front of the automo` `bile andjust forwardof sidesatfthe right f land left. y v

is'accordingly not only the object of my lnventionto obtain this proper projection of the rays of light' emanating from' the lamp, ibut to yobtain it in such manner that all the rays of light may be utilized.

lMy invention lcan best be seen and under-y stood by reference there is shown dia ammatically an embodiment thereof applled to an ordinary electric headlight'of an automobile, those' parts only `being shown necessary to a .proper yunderstanding of the invention and in which-- Figure 1 is a view of partspartly in longi` Qtudinal vertical section and partly yin side elevation.'

tion and partly'in plan of the' same parts..

Figs. 3, 4 and 5 are views, respectively, in side elevation, pla-n and front elevationfof the refracting lens or prism formi-ng one of: the essential elements of my invention.

Fig. 2. A

Referring to the drawings 1 krepresents the is `provided with the usual face plate and othe'associ'ate'd parts (not-shown). 2 is the tothe drawings inwhich j Fig. 6 .is asection'on the line 6-p-6 orI4 This' is .pr-oe 2 is a view partly inhoriaontal secparabolic mirror which socket f3", whichfextends back through the` V'Interposedbetween the source ofjlight and .d

themirror is 'a light-rerays from the' source of light' must. pass through the lens before striking thelower4 reected from half of the mirrorand being byreit. The objectof the lens to change lens is 'suchwthatthe 20 mirror.

4fraction the vdirection of the rays emanating from the source of light or so deviate `those rays that they will have a changed angle of incidence and accordingly a 5 changed angle of'reflection with relation to the lower half of the mirror from those angles -of incidence and reflection which the rays would normally have if the lens were not used.

110 "The lens -can perhaps be best described in the light of lit's function .and the ultimate result desired to be attained. In the first instancethelilament or source of light is so positioned along the axis of the mirror that the rays emanating from it and reflected from the 'upper half of the mirror lwill. vproject forward in substantially a horizonl tal plane though tending to have a slight angular inclination toward the axis of the light well in front of the lamp, none of the direct rays projectingupwardly but all, as'

said before, along lines substantially horizontal. The full lines a and b shown in Fig. 1 illustrate the direction taken by these rays after` emanating from 'the sourceof light. Assuming no lens'is employed, with the Source of light thus positioned rela- `vtively to the mirror the rays emanating from it and striking the lower half of the mirror will'be reflected therefrom` along linessubstantially horizontal, and some with an'up ward projection, which at a distance would bevery objectionable.A In other words, the

' v3 5 rays from the source of light would take a ted lines va: and y of Fig. 1. Withfthe rays vthus-projected no rays are obtained having such abrupt downward in.-

course substantially 4as indicated in the dot- 40 clination as would cast a wide field of light downwardl just infront of the mirror. It is by means ofthe interposition of the lens that this effect is obtained. The rays from the source of light which' would strike the lower half of the mirror first pass through thelens-.which is made of suitable refracting materia'h'and by it becomebent or deviated Y so as to strike the lower half of the mirror with such an acute angle kof inclination as 50 to be'reflected from themirror with the desired downward projection, taking a course substantlallv as shown in the full lines a .and-b. -.ofl Fig. 1.

The general form of the lens 5 is shown in' Figs. 3 to 5, inclusive.A It will be seen that .'thefl'ens extends around that portion of the -bulblying between the source of light and thelower half of the mirror so as to interc'eptall the rays striking the lower half of the m'irror. For this purpose thelens is rounding, arranged so as not to contact with the bulb, and so disposedf that' as the rays' are reflected from the lower half ofthe mi-rror they will not beagaii intercepted: by the: lens. preferthat Athe' lens' be so arranged the lens inclined t'o eachother.

This will tend to throw a eld ofv 'that the interior surface 6 thereofbe so ini l i clined throughoutits length that'the rays of light will strike this surface at other than a right angle, or so as not to pass directly through the refracting lens and. be deviated 7o onl from the outer surface thereof. VIt is deslrable, also, that the lens havethe geni" eral form of'av refracting'prislnwith the inner and outer surfaces bounding the body of To avoid` excessive weight" inthe lens and yet `obtain the necessary lnclinatlon of lts outer surface,fI prefer that the inner surface l vbe .continuousl and the outer surface made up of a series/ of short inclined step-forming f surfaces 7 substantially as shown. The lensI is made of glass orother suitable transparent and refracting medium. Owing tothe difference in the quality and composltio'n of glass,its refractive index will vary, and ac- 85 cordingly ity is impossible to describe the exvact angular formation of the lens, for this will depend upon the kind of glass used and its index of refraction, the form yof the mirror and the .results desired to,be attained'eo W In practice Ihave' found that by r the employment of a lens capable of bending all the rays 8 or 91 degrees yfrom the normal excellent results `are obtained. Owing to the dif- Y ferent sizes of mirrors, care should alsobe taken that the lens be long enough to intercept and bend all the rays that would naturally contact'. with the lower half of.:1t,lie11l mlrror.

The lens may be supported in any suitable' 1200 y manner. Inasmuch, however, as thelfen's is*4 especially applicable to automobile headlights having` a parabolic mirror'y and electricity as the source of light, I have accordingly shown a convenient method of mouting the lens'vyhenv used in such `connection`` andlby which it is readily attachable to any headlight of this type. f

The method consists in attachingthe lens to the'la-mp socket3 in which-is contained 11101 This butt is segmental in form. and is bound- The casing to which the lens is secured comprises in part an' 'annular plate-15 which 125 forms the rear portion or back of the casing.

This is provided with a turned edge or rim 16'. The casing comprises also an inside tubular portion "17.` This 'extends' through the central holeor opening in the back plate 13o outside of the plate substantially asshown Fig 1. The forward edge of the tube' 17 is provided with. an annular outwardly- 1511 and secured to it by 'crimping or upsetting the rear end of the tube 'agalnst the flaringflange-forming portion 18.y p The pori tions 15,` 16, 17 and 18 of the casing engage,`

respectively, the surfaces 1Q, 11, `12and 13 n of the butt of theV lens. In other words, the y bttits snugly within these portions of the casing. The attachment between the casing i and the lens is secured by'iistapplyingthe two separate partsof the casing above ref'erred to to the lens. When thisl application .15.

is made the rear end off thetubular portion 17 of the lens will project through the hole in therear plate 15 of the casing landthe attachment betweenthe casngand thebutt of the lens is then secured bythe crimping 01 llpSettingof theen'd of the tube- 17', against t the plate lofthe casing as above described. A Thelens is secured to the lamp by passing f the lamp socket `throughfthe tubular portlon 17 of the casingafter which the lamp socket isseclu'ed to thelnirror in the usual manner.

. f To prevent tliecasing and lens carried by `it froml turning on the lamp socket profyi'sion is made as'follows l k'Owing to the. segmental form ofthe butt when the parts are in place.` Within thisl cavity there is placed a sprmg'20 conslsting 35 ofthe lens and to the annular form of the' casing a cavity 19 will be left in that lportion of the casing lying vabove the lamp socket simply of asti-ip of bent spring metal one portion' 'of which bears.l against the interior of the portion or rim 146' of the casing, W1th another portionfbearing against the lamp Aat 2l to admit fof the direct bearing ofthe l socket.' In this connection it willbe 0b- 1 40 servedfthat the/tube .17 vis cut away in part spring against the socket. From thepoint ofgits bearingI against the lampsocket the spring extends back and outward through aslot 23 lformed in the outerwall or rim 16 of the casing, the parts then assuming a posi-` tion substantiallyas. Shown in Fig.` 6rwith `the end 24 of the spring projecting beyond the `wall of the casing. The projecting end `241 of the spring provides a finger piece by which one may bend and lift the operating arm 0f the spring from engagingwith the lamp socket, thereby perinittingof an-easy u application of the lens to the lamp socket or removal from it.

bfi-foin the lamp socket andfthe casing and l, 1 4lens applied to itafter-which the-socket is l a `attached to the mi'rrorin the usual manner.

`The lamp 'socket should be so adjustably sel. clli'd tothe mirro'ras to bring the'ilament A o1" `source of light into such position relai `izirely tothe: mirror as to insure aproper i Yprojection lof the rays of light f "rom the `upper half of the mirror. l When this is done the lens will insure fa proper pro'jection'of y l the; rays from thef-lower halfofthe mirror.

Having. 4thus fully, describedlmyminven-u' v tion,` I claim and desire-to'secure by Letters',

Patent of the' United States "1. Inv a light-projectingheadlight! for j automobiles, the combination with a reflecf tor, of a` source yof'light"arranged inlfront` of theV reiector whereby the rays of"`-lght,

issuing therefrom will .fall directly@upon"ar` substantial half portion ofthe reflectorl and y be reflectedthereby, and a trans'parent`I"`nen1'-` Y ber of some light-refracting materialeinterosedjbecween the source @flight alla the; other substantial half `portion Q f the reflec-r tor Wherebyrays issulngvfrom the sourceof'] light passing therethroughwill be refr"actedl j and the' direction thereofchanged before em` lectedifrom said other portion of the 'rflccv gaging l said 'other portion 'of the' reiector" to I' Y -be reflected bv it, saidrefractingmember ,being `so arranged that the raysjof lightfre'-` tor will projectforward therefrom` without'I f passing through said frefracting'meniben t 1 i 2.` In a light-projectingheadlight for automobiles. the combination with a reector and a` sourceofjlight arranged in rontfof i 1 'the reflector, ofa transparelit'lightafefracb'y y i ing member interpos'x-Sdbetweenthefsourcev f of light and substantialhalf portionoflthe reflectorrv whereby rays y from fthe source'of light passing through. the frefractingjlmeniA ber will be refractedland-thevdirection there-4 1 of changed before engagingsaid substantial; halfportion ofthe reflector tofbe reflected" by uit, said `refr-actingmember being--garranged whereby Athe-light reflected' iirofm said half. portion of there'le'ctor .vlrillz-prothroughsaid refr'actinv` member.

vtomobilesfthe combinationoffa reflector,` a@ y source of light front.(rftherefieton-a' l. transparent `memberjofsome lightrefractf t l ing `material interposed 'between the, source ject for-Ward 'therefrom withoutpassingld f. if I f 1 10'5` 3. In a lightepfrojectlng,lieadlight'vforr-i of light andthe refiector wherebyniayls fof y light passing `therethrough lwill be refracted and the direction thereof,changed-before x striking said reflector.to-befreflected by said source of light and said refracting member being so arranged relatively to one another and to the Vreflector that a "portion of the rays issuing fromtthesourceofflight will be reflected bythe reflecto'rfinl augen-f,

` eraljdirection substantially parallel` with the axis of the refiector and other yrays',will be projected downward-ly in a general direcf tion away fromthe axis of the reflecto'r.` f t i 4. .Ina light-projecting headlightwforyau-.. ltomobiles, the combination with' a, `reflector,y

of a source of light arran d infront of the` i a .transparent light-refract Je .pt f,

f reflector whercbyvrays` 1ov light therefrom Y vwill fall directly upon lthe upperbsubstntial f halfof the reliector and bereflected.thereby7 light and' the lower yhalf ofthe reiector, whereby rays from thesource of light may terposed between the source of light andthe substantial lower halof the reflector ywherelbyrays from thefsourceV of light passing ythroughl said refractingr member will be re- 'fracted and pass in a changed direction onto the surface of the substantial ylower half of "therellector and thence be `reflected. thereby in a general downward direction away from rounding, continuous surface Aand upon the exterior av series of short, inclined, stepforming surfaces.

6. In alight-projecting headlightvor a-utomobiles, t

ecombination with a refiector and a 4source' of light yarranged in front of said reflector, of a transparent refracting member interposed. between the source of vpass throu h .the refracting mem er and be refracte to pass in a changed direction onto thevsurface` of the lower half of the re- Hector and thence reflected thereby in a lgeneral downwarddirection without again i passing through the refracting member, and

v a refracting means located between the xliieans for-supporting said refracting mem- 7.'lhe combination in a non-glare headlight of a source of. light and a reflector with sourcev and the reflector for redirecting beforeretlection certain ofthe light rays in such a direction that .they are reflected be- Y low their 4normal course.

`8. Projection apparatus comprisin a con# cave reflector, a light source at the ocus ofV the reflector, the reflector being so shaped and positioned as to project a concentrated4 beam of light horizontally, and refracting means for so deilecting a portionof the light emanating from the light source `that it strikes the reflector at such anglesasto bey reflected downwardly.

9. Projection apparatus comprisin a con? i cave reliector, a light source at. the ocusOf the reflector, the reflector being so shaped and positioned as'to project a concentrated' beam of light horizontally, and refracting means partially surrounding the light source Ifor so deiecting the light emanating to subs stantially that portion of the reflector lying on one side lof a horizontal plane containin the axis ofthe reflector thatit is reiecte downwardly.

10. Projection apparatus comprisingl a 4 substantially paraboloidal reflector, a lightv source so positioned with f relation to the focus of the reiector as t'o project in and below a horizontal direction a concentrated beam of light from at least substantially that portion of the refiector lying side of a horizontal plane containing` its axis, and means for sorefracting light to the on one 70' v other portions of the reflector that it is `projected downwardly.

11. Projection apparatus comprising a.'

concave reflector, a lightvsource at thefocus of the reiector, and concave means partially surrounding the light'source for so refracting light tothe reiector that itis reiected downwardly, the refracting means having a succession of sloping surfaces so that it may be positioned inarestricted space be tween the light source and the reflector.

12'. Projection apparatus comprising;l a

concave reiector, a lamp having alight source at the focus of the reiector, a lamp socket, a -refractor for refractin light from the source to the reiector, an

tween the light source and tne rei'ector. JOHN E. RYAN.-

means for mountmg vthe refractor ony sald socket be- 

